31. bitterness —both of spirit and of speech: opposed to "kind." wrath —passion for a time: opposed to "tender-hearted." Whence BENGEL translates for "wrath," harshness. anger —lasting resentment: opposed to "forgiving one another." clamour —compared by CHRYSOSTOM to a horse carrying anger for its rider: "Bridle the horse, and you dismount its rider." "Bitterness" begets "wrath"; "wrath," "anger"; "anger," "clamor"; and "clamor," the more chronic "evil-speaking," slander, insinuations, and surmises of evil. "Malice" is the secret root of all: "fires fed within, and not appearing to by-standers from without, are the most formidable" [CHRYSOSTOM]. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-32" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-eph-4-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/jfb— Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological